Nettle – the underestimated medicinal plant

Everyone probably has an unpleasant childhood memory associated with nettles. This plant, which looks very similar to mint, defends itself against anyone who tries to pick it with burning stings. Hence the name. However, it is by no means a weed. The nettle is a versatile plant with valuable ingredients for everyday use.

"The nettle is the most despised of plants. Many a sensitive soul feels a burning sensation just hearing its name. Rightly so?"

- Sebastian Kneipp

Table of contents

1. Nettle – briefly explained
2. Nettle ingredients and their significance
3. Nettle Effects and Benefits
4. Nettle Use: Dosage Forms and Dosage
5. Nettle side effects - What should be considered when using it?
6. Frequently asked questions about nettle
7. Conclusion

1. Nettle – briefly explained

With more than 70 different species, stinging nettles are found almost everywhere in the world, more than 10 of which are found in Europe. The greater and lesser nettles bloom between July and September, and they can be harvested from March to December. The scientific name of the stinging nettle is "Urtica dioica."

The well-known burning sensation is the plant's self-defense mechanism against predators. The fine hairs covering the nettle are very hard and pierce the skin like stings. When these hairs break off from the plant, they release a mixture of histamine, acetylcholine, and formic acid. This results in itching and burning of the skin, and sometimes the formation of red welts. Washing with soap and water provides relief.

By the way, nettle is the medicinal plant of the year 2022. The entire plant can be used therapeutically. Many thousands of years ago, it was brewed as a tea and used as a medicinal plant, for example, for joint pain. The effectiveness of nettle against rheumatic diseases, kidney stones, and urinary tract infections has now been scientifically proven. Nettles also contain numerous vitamins, carotenoids, calcium, chlorophyll, potassium, and iron. Even the nettle seeds are edible.

As a home remedy it is suitable for:

Kidney problems

Urinary tract diseases

Indigestion

rheumatic diseases

Digestive problems

Prostate problems

Hair loss

Nettles are therefore an important part of the home medicine cabinet. They have a diuretic effect and are also incredibly delicious.

“If the nettle had no thorns, it would have been eradicated long ago, so versatile are its virtues.”

- Johann Künzle

2. Nettle ingredients and their significance

Nettles are a true nutrient powerhouse. 10 g of dried nettle contains:

0.73 g protein – A remarkable source of protein for a plant.

0.06 g fat – Very low in fat, ideal for a low-calorie diet.

0.1 g carbohydrates – Minimal carbohydrate content.

40 μg retinol equivalent (vitamin A) – Important for skin and vision.

20 μg Thiamine (Vitamin B1) – Supports energy metabolism.

15 μg Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) – Promotes cell function.

565 μg Niacin Equivalent (Vitamin B3) – Supports skin and nervous system health.

30 μg pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) – Involved in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

16 μg pyridoxine (vitamin B6) – Strengthens the immune system and promotes protein metabolism.

0.05 μg Biotin (Vitamin B7) – Important for healthy skin, hair and nails.

33 mg ascorbic acid (vitamin C) – A strong antioxidant effect and supports the immune system.

240 μg beta-carotene – As a precursor to vitamin A, it helps maintain vision.

80 μg Vitamin E – Important cell protection due to its antioxidant properties.

3 μg folic acid – Essential for cell division and blood formation.

In addition, nettle provides a variety of minerals:

15 mg chloride – essential for fluid balance.

71 mg calcium – Important for bones and teeth.

47 mg Potassium – Supports blood pressure and heart function.

8 mg Magnesium – Contributes to muscle function.

8 mg sodium – Helps regulate water balance.

4 mg sulfur – component of proteins and supports detoxification.

4 mg iron - particularly interesting for people with iron deficiency.

13 mg phosphorus – Important component of cell membranes.

Silica (silicon): Strengthens connective tissue, promotes healthy skin, hair and nails.

Flavonoids: These secondary plant substances have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Additionally, nettles have traditionally been used for their anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties.

3. Nettle Effects and Benefits

The stinging nettle is a highly adaptable plant that thrives in a wide range of soils and requires minimal cultivation. Due to its rich nutrient and vitamin content and its versatile uses, it has been a valued herb for centuries.

Unrecognized herb

Despite its popularity as a medicinal herb, nettle is often overlooked as a weed. It actually provides valuable minerals such as iron, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. These nutrients promote bone, muscle, and cell health. The vitamins it contains, especially vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene, support the immune system and act as antioxidants.

Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann on the nettle

The poet Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann describes the benefits of the nettle in his poem and praises it as a gift of nature: “Nettle, misunderstood little herb,

I must praise you,

Your glorious green in its best form builds iron,

Lime, potassium, phosphorus, all high values,

Springing from the womb of Mother Earth…”

This poem reflects the appreciation people have for nettle for its healing and nutritious properties.

Versatility of the nettle

Nettle can be used in numerous areas:

As a medicinal herb: Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties make it a popular remedy for joint pain and allergies.

In the kitchen: Whether as juice, vegetable or soup – nettles are an excellent ingredient that is not only healthy but also tasty.

As a tea: Nettle tea has a diuretic effect, supports detoxification and promotes kidney function.

As a fertilizer: Nettle manure is a proven natural fertilizer that strengthens plants and keeps pests away.

Year-round harvest: Nettle can be harvested almost all year round – it only does not grow between January and March.

Insect-friendly: The nettle provides food and shelter for many species of butterflies, which use it as a food plant for their caterpillars.

Historical significance: Even in ancient times, nettle was valued as a versatile medicinal herb. It is mentioned in the writings of Hippocrates and Hildegard of Bingen.

Whether in an urban environment or in nature, nettle is a true all-rounder that is easily accessible and offers us numerous health benefits.

4. Nettle Use: Dosage Forms and Dosage

Nettle can be used in numerous forms, from tea and powder to capsules. Each form has its own specific benefits, depending on the desired effect and individual preference.

1. Nettle tea

The most well-known use of nettle is nettle tea. To make this, the dried leaves are steeped in hot water. The tea has a diuretic effect, supports detoxification, and promotes kidney health. Start with one cup per day and gradually increase the amount. After a six-week course, you should take a break to avoid overloading the body.

2. Nettle in the kitchen

To use nettle in food, the plant's stinging hairs must be destroyed. This is easily done by rolling out the leaves with a rolling pin or blanching them in hot water. Afterward, nettle can be prepared like spinach or used raw in salads. It is a valuable and delicious food with a high nutrient content.

3. Nettle seeds

Nettle seeds are particularly nutrient-rich and can be used as a topping on muesli, salads, or even ice cream. They are also an excellent ingredient in bread or pesto. Nettle seeds promote estrogen production, which can have a positive effect on fertility and ovulation. A regimen of 1-3 tablespoons of nettle seeds per day is recommended to maximize their health benefits.

4. Nettle root

Nettle roots are traditionally used to strengthen the scalp and hair. A decoction of nettle roots mixed with apple cider vinegar can serve as a scalp tonic and is said to promote hair growth by stimulating blood circulation. However, this effect has not been fully scientifically proven.

5. Nettle powder

Nettle powder is a convenient way to consume the plant's nutrients in concentrated form. It is extracted from dried and finely ground leaves. The powder can be easily mixed into smoothies, juices, or soups to support skin, hair, and immune health. A typical dosage is about 1-2 teaspoons per day.

6. Nettle capsules

Nettle capsules offer a convenient and concentrated form of nettle that's easy to take. They're especially popular with people who use the plant specifically for joint support, prostate problems, or to reduce inflammation. The recommended dosage varies by manufacturer, but is often 1-2 capsules per day.

Instructions on dosage and application

It is recommended to slowly integrate nettle products into your diet and gradually increase the dosage. The body needs to get used to the diuretic and cleansing effects of nettle. Especially with longer treatments—for example, over six weeks—a break should be taken afterward.

5. Nettle side effects - What should be considered when using it?

When using nettles, there are some important points to consider to avoid unwanted side effects:

1. Origin of the nettle

It's crucial to pay attention to where nettles are collected. Nettles growing near roads can be contaminated with exhaust fumes and pollutants. Even those growing near farmland are at risk of coming into contact with pesticides or fertilizers, which can be harmful to health. It's best to collect nettles from untouched forest areas or from your own garden, where you can ensure the purity of the plant.

2. Side effects of excessive consumption

Nettle is very healthy in moderation, but as with all medicinal plants, excessive consumption can have adverse effects. Possible side effects from excessive consumption include:

Diarrhea

heartburn

Flatulence and indigestion

Especially if you consume nettle tea regularly, you should be careful to consume it in moderation. Start with one cup per day and gradually increase the amount to allow your body to become accustomed to its diuretic and detoxifying effects. As with many natural remedies, the rule is: everything in moderation, not in excess.

3. Allergic reactions and interactions

In some people, nettles can trigger allergic reactions, such as skin rashes or itching. Therefore, individuals sensitive to plants in the nettle family should exercise caution. In addition, high doses of nettle can increase the effects of diuretic or antihypertensive medications. If you have existing health problems or are taking medication regularly, you should consult a doctor before using nettle preparations.

4. Hand protection during harvest

Care should be taken when harvesting fresh nettles, as the plant's fine stinging hairs can irritate the skin upon contact and cause painful skin irritations. Therefore, always wear thick gardening gloves to avoid contact with the stinging hairs.

5. Nettle during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Although nettle has many health benefits, pregnant or breastfeeding women should exercise caution. Nettle products can cause uterine contractions in pregnant women. It is advisable to consult a physician before taking nettle supplements during this period.

6. Frequently asked questions about nettle

What helps against nettle rash?

If nettles come into contact with your skin, cool water, aloe vera, or antihistamines can help relieve itching and swelling.

Can you lose weight with nettles?

Nettle tea can be helpful as part of a diet because it is diuretic and stimulates the metabolism, but it is not a miracle cure for weight loss.

Is it safe to eat nettles?

Yes, after cooking or drying, nettles are safe to eat and offer numerous health benefits.

What effect does nettle have on the skin?

Nettle has anti-inflammatory properties and can help with skin problems such as acne or eczema, especially in the form of creams or ointments.

Why are nettles healthy?

They contain many nutrients such as vitamin C, iron and antioxidants that strengthen the immune system and have anti-inflammatory effects.

Can my dog ​​eat nettles?

Yes, in small amounts, dried or cooked nettles are safe for dogs and may even provide health benefits.

Are nettles good for hair?

Nettle extracts are often used in hair care products because they can promote hair growth and keep the scalp healthy.

What ingredients does nettle contain?

Nettles contain vitamins (A, C, K), minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium), amino acids and flavonoids.

How does nettle tea work?

Nettle tea has a diuretic, anti-inflammatory effect and can help detoxify the body.

Are nettle capsules effective?

Nettle capsules contain concentrated ingredients and are often used to support joint pain or promote prostate health.

7. Conclusion

The stinging nettle is far more than just an inconspicuous plant that causes unpleasant stings upon contact. It is a valuable medicinal plant that offers a wealth of nutrients and health-promoting properties. Whether as a tea, in the kitchen, for skin and hair care, or as a remedy for joint pain – the nettle is a true all-rounder. Its anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and nutrient-rich properties make it an essential part of every medicine cabinet.

The versatility of nettle in various forms, from seeds and powder to tea and capsules, underscores its significant health benefits. Despite its many benefits, like all medicinal plants, it should be used in moderation to avoid unwanted side effects.

The nettle impressively proves that in nature the greatest treasures can often be found where you least expect them – and that it is worth taking a closer look.

References:

Dhouibi R, Affes H, Ben Salem M, et al. Screening of pharmacological uses of Urtica dioica and others benefits. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2020;150:67-77. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008

El Haouari M, Rosado JA. Phytochemical, Anti-diabetic and Cardiovascular Properties of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae): A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2019;19(1):63-71. doi:10.2174/1389557518666180924121528

Kregiel D, Pawlikowska E, Antolak H. Urtica spp.: Ordinary Plants with Extraordinary Properties. Molecules. 2018;23(7):1664. Published 2018 Jul 9. doi:10.3390/molecules23071664